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1.
J. bras. med ; 101(4): 7-12, jul.-ago. 2013.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-699658

ABSTRACT

Neste artigo revisaremos o tratamento antiplaquetário e antilipêmico, controle da pressão arterial e controle da frequência cardíaca e sua influência na mortalidade e novos eventos, aplicável a todo paciente portador de doença coronariana crônica.


We review the antiplatelet and hypolipidemic treatment, blood pressure and heart rate control and its influence on mortality and new events, applicable to all patients with chronic coronary disease.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Coronary Disease/therapy , Hypolipidemic Agents/administration & dosage , Hypolipidemic Agents/therapeutic use , Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors/administration & dosage , Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors/therapeutic use , Clofibric Acid/therapeutic use , Aspirin/administration & dosage , Diet, Fat-Restricted , Drug Interactions , Heart Rate , Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors/administration & dosage , Life Style , Arterial Pressure
2.
Rev. Assoc. Med. Bras. (1992) ; 54(4): 369-376, jul.-ago. 2008. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-489623

ABSTRACT

Após atingir as metas para os níveis de LDL-colesterol, é imperativo alcançar a meta do HDL-colesterol, por suas conhecidas propriedades antiaterogênicas confirmadas amplamente em muitos estudos epidemiológicos. Esta revisão analisa de maneira objetiva e concisa as diversas alternativas disponíveis na prática clínica diária para aumentar os níveis de HDL-colesterol em nosoos pacientes, com o objetivo de alcançar melhores prognósticos em termos de morbimortalidade cardiovascular.


After having reached the objective for the LDL cholesterol levels, it becomes imperative to reach the objective for HDL cholesterol, known for its anti-atherogenic properties, generally confirmed in many epidemiological studies. This review deals, in a clear and concise manner, with the different alternatives available in daily clinical practice to raise the HDL cholesterol levels of patients, to achieve better outcomes in terms of morbidity and mortality in cardiovascular disease.


Subject(s)
Humans , Hypolipidemic Agents/therapeutic use , Cardiovascular Diseases/prevention & control , Cholesterol, HDL/metabolism , Cardiovascular Diseases/metabolism , Cholesterol, LDL/metabolism , Clofibric Acid/therapeutic use , Exercise , Meta-Analysis as Topic , Niacin/therapeutic use , Piperidines/therapeutic use , Pyrazoles/therapeutic use , Risk Factors , Smoking/adverse effects , Thiazolidinediones/therapeutic use
3.
Arq. bras. cardiol ; 88(supl.1): 2-19, abr. 2007. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, SES-SP | ID: lil-451704
4.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 134(5): 641-648, mayo 2006.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-429872

ABSTRACT

Primary and secondary prevention trials have clearly demonstrated that lowering serum cholesterol levels with statins reduces the incidence of cardiovascular events. Recent studies plus post hoc analysis of previous clinical trials show that risk reduction is proportional to the magnitude of LDL cholesterol lowering. Therefore, new recommendations of the National Cholesterol Education Program (USA) have defined a category of patients with very high cardiovascular risk, who should achieve serum LDL cholesterol levels below 70 mg/dl. This proposal will require new and more efficient pharmacologic strategies to attain the increasingly strict therapeutic goals for LDL cholesterol. This article reviews the clinical studies that support the use of intensive lipid lowering therapy to reduce cardiovascular risk. An effective reduction of serum cholesterol can be obtained using statins in high doses or a combination of hypolipidemic drugs with different mechanisms of action.


Subject(s)
Humans , Anticholesteremic Agents/therapeutic use , Coronary Artery Disease/drug therapy , Heptanoic Acids/therapeutic use , Hypercholesterolemia/drug therapy , Pyrroles/therapeutic use , Azetidines/therapeutic use , Cholesterol, LDL/blood , Clofibric Acid/therapeutic use , Coronary Artery Disease/blood , Coronary Artery Disease/prevention & control , Drug Therapy, Combination , Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors/therapeutic use , Hypercholesterolemia/blood
5.
Arq. bras. endocrinol. metab ; 50(2): 344-359, abr. 2006. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-435162

ABSTRACT

Hiperlipidemia combinada familiar (HCF) é a forma mais comum de hiperlipidemia familial e se caracteriza por resistência à insulina, níveis baixos de HDL-C, níveis altos de triglicérides (TGC) e colesterol total associados a vários fenótipos dentro da mesma família. HCF associa-se, também, a um alto risco cardiovascular (RCV), e os níveis-alvo de tratamento das anormalidades lipídicas têm se modificado recentemente. Reduzir os níveis de LDL-C e não HDL-C devem ser os alvos da terapia. Níveis de LDL-C abaixo de 70 mg/dl têm se mostrado benéficos na RCV em pacientes de alto risco. Várias estatinas com diferentes potências e interações medicamentosas estão disponíveis no mercado. A terapia combinada de estatinas com seqüestradores de ácidos biliares ou ezetimiba pode ser necessária para se alcançar os valores-alvo de LDL-C estabelecidos pelas diretrizes. Níveis altos de TGC e baixos de HDL-C devem ser também considerados no tratamento, e freqüentemente somente o uso das estatinas se mostra insuficiente para normalizá-los. A combinação de estatinas com fibratos pode auxiliar para reduzir os níveis de colesterol e aumentar os de HDL-C, mas está associada à maior freqüência de miopatia e toxicidade hepática. Assim, a avaliação cuidadosa dos riscos e benefícios da terapia é recomendável. A associação de estatina e niacina parece ser útil para pacientes com HCF, particularmente por aumentar os níveis de HDL-C, uma vez que tem sido menos relacionada à alta freqüência de miopatia. A niacina pode ser causa de flushings que podem ser reduzidos com o uso de aspirina. O efeito pode também ser minimizado com o uso de formas de liberação lenta (Niaspan). A niacina pode também elevar os níveis de glicemia e ácido úrico. Assim, os riscos e benefícios da associação devem ser avaliados.


Familial combined hyperlipidemia (FCH) is a frequent familial lipid disorder associated with insulin resistance, low HDL cholesterol, high triglycerides and cholesterol levels with variable phenotypes within the same family. FCH is linked to a high risk for cardiovascular diseases. Treatment goals for lipid abnormalities are changing in recent years. Lowering elevated levels of LDL e Non HDL-cholesterol levels are primary targets of therapy. Lower LDL-C than 70 mg/dL seems to be useful to lower cardiovascular risk in patients with very high risk. Many statins are available, with different potencies and drug interactions. Combination therapy of statins and bile acid sequestrants or ezitimibe may be necessary to further decrease LDL cholesterol levels in order to meet guideline goals. High triglycerides and low HDL cholesterol are also important goals in the treatment of these patients, and frequently statins alone are insufficient to normalize the lipid profile. Combination therapy with fibrates will further lower triglycerides and increase HDL cholesterol levels; this combination is also associated with higher incidence of myopathy and liver toxicity; appropriate evaluation of patients' risk and benefits is necessary. Association of statin/niacin seems be very useful in patients with FCH, especially as niacin is the best drug to increase HDL cholesterol; this association is not linked to a higher frequency of myopathy. Niacin causes flushing, that can in part be managed with use of aspirin and extended release forms (Niaspan); niacin also may increase plasma glucose and uric acid levels. Evaluation of risks and benefits for each patient is needed.


Subject(s)
Humans , Anticholesteremic Agents/therapeutic use , Hypolipidemic Agents/therapeutic use , Dyslipidemias/drug therapy , Azetidines/therapeutic use , Cholesterol, HDL , Clofibric Acid/therapeutic use , Drug Therapy, Combination , Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors/therapeutic use , Lipids/blood , Niacin/therapeutic use
6.
Arq. bras. cardiol ; 85(supl.5): 34-35, out. 2005.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-418873

ABSTRACT

Monoterapia para o tratamento das dislipidemias é frequentemente insuficiente para o alcance das metas recomendadas pelas diretrizes. Entretanto, nos últimos anos, o uso de terapia combinada tem se apresentado como uma nova opção em muitos casos. Uma revisão de 36 estudos envolvendo a combinação de estatinas com fibratos apresentou 29 casos de rabdomiólise e uma prevalência geral de miopatia de 0,12 por cento. A combinação de estatinas com o genfibrozil parece causar mais rabdomiólise que com os fibratos de nova geração (especialmente quando comparado com fenofibrato ou bezafibrato). Idade avançada, diabetes, mulheres, medicações concomitantes, disfunção renal, consumo excessivo de álcool, exercícios, traumatismos e cirurgias estão também associados com maior risco de efeitos adversos.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Clofibric Acid/adverse effects , Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors/adverse effects , Age Factors , Clofibric Acid/therapeutic use , Drug Interactions , Drug Therapy, Combination , Dyslipidemias/drug therapy , Gemfibrozil/adverse effects , Gemfibrozil/therapeutic use , Hypertriglyceridemia/drug therapy , Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors/therapeutic use , Myositis/chemically induced , Rhabdomyolysis/chemically induced , Sex Factors
8.
Arq. bras. cardiol ; 67(6): 419-422, Dez. 1996. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-319218

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To evaluate the clinical efficacy of etofibrate in primary hyperlipidemia in patients from clinical centers representative of all main Brazilian cities. METHODS: One thousand, nine hundred and fourty three hyperlipidemic patients were submitted to diet and drug treatment with etofibrate (500 mg/day) for eight weeks. The data b WAS analyzed as to changes in the lipoprotein profile, as well as the side effects. RESULTS: There was an important reduction in total cholesterol (19.88), triglycerides (29.59), LDL-c (14.89) and VLDL-c (14.54) concentration. There was a significant increase in HDL-c (18.14). Adverse effects were observed in 8.5 of the patients, without major clinical relevance, however, in 1.44 the treatment had to be interrupted. CONCLUSION: Administration of etofibrate promoted positive changes in all parameters of the lipid and lipoprotein profile, thus reducing the risk of atherosclerotic disease, without significant side effects in the great majority of sample studied.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Hyperlipidemias , Clofibric Acid/analogs & derivatives , Hypolipidemic Agents/therapeutic use , Aged, 80 and over , Cholesterol , Hyperlipidemias , Clofibric Acid/therapeutic use , Triglycerides/blood
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